Some thoughts about nonequilibrium temperature

The main objective of this paper is to show that, within the present framework of the kinetic theoretical approach to irreversible thermodynamics, there is no evidence that provides a basis to modify the ordinary Fourier equation relating the heat flux in a non-equilibrium steady state to the gradient of the local equilibrium temperature. This fact is supported, among other arguments, through the kinetic foundations of generalized hydrodynamics. Some attempts have been recently proposed asserting that, in the presence of non-linearities of the state variables, such a temperature should be replaced by the non-equilibrium temperature as defined in Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics. In the approximations used for such a temperature there is so far no evidence that sustains this proposal.Comment: 13 pages, TeX, no figures, to appear in Mol. Phy

Unified Ontology for a Holonic Manufacturing System

[ES] Los sistemas holónicos de manufactura son integrados por holones capaces de comportarse de una manera autónoma, cooperativa, auto-organizada y reconfigurable para adoptar estructuras distintas en condiciones de operación normales y de emergencia. Dichos holones cuentan con: (1) una representación del conocimiento, (2) una unidad de control distribuido y descentralizado, y (3) un módulo de coordinación. El objeto de interés de la presente investigación es la concepción de una ontología unificada en el dominio de manufactura, que garantice los requisitos en el formalismo del modelo de conocimiento de un sistema holónico. A diferencia de los modelos ontológicos encontrados en la literatura, el esquema de representación del conocimiento propuesto integra roles y comportamientos, mismos que son validados mediante un caso de estudio de una celda de manufactura de un laboratorio universitario. Los resultados muestran que al hacer uso de un vocabulario común, es posible representar coherentemente el conocimiento para que toda clase de holones en una holarquía puedan intercambiar, compartir y recuperar información.[EN] Holonic manufacturing systems are formed by holons that are capable of behaving in an autonomous, cooperative, selforganized and reconfigurable way to adopt dierent structures under normal and emergency operating conditions. These holons possess: (1) a representation of the world in which they live, (2) a distributed and decentralized control unit, and (3) a coordination module. The object of interest of the present research is the conception of a unified ontology in manufacturing domain, that guarantees the requirements in the formalism of the knowledge model of a holonic system. Unlike the ontological models found in the literature, the proposed knowledge representation scheme integrates roles and behaviors, which are validated through a case study of a manufacturing cell from a university laboratory. The results show that by using a common vocabulary, it is possible to represent knowledge coherently so that all kinds of holons in a holarchy can exchange, share and retrieve information. Simón-Marmolejo, I.; López-Ortega, O.; Ramos-Velasco, LE.; Ortiz-Domínguez, M. (2018). Ontología Unificada para un Sistema Holónico de Manufactura. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 15(2):217-230. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2017.8851OJS217230152Araúzoa, J. A., del Olmo-Martínez, R., Laviós, J. J., de Benito-Martín, J. J., 2015. Programación y control de sistemas de fabricación flexibles: un enfoque holónico. 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Computers in industry 37 (3), 255-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-3615(98)00102-XCaire, G., Cabanillas, D., April 2010. JADE TUTORIAL, application-defined content languages and ontologies. Support provided by JADE, Italia S.p.A, 9th Edition. URL: http://jade.tilab.com/doc/tutorials/CLOntoSupport.pdfCheca, D., Rojas, O., 2014. Ontología para los sistemas holónicos de manufactura basados en la unidad de producción. Revista colombiana de tecnologías de avanzada 1 (23), 134-141. URL: http://www.academia.edu/8676921/ONTOLOÍA_PARA_LOS_SISTEMAS_HOLÓNICOS_DE_MANUFACTURA_BASADOS_EN_LA_UNIDAD_DE_PRODUCCIÓNChristensen, J. H., December 1994. Holonic manufacturing systems: Initial architecture and standards directions. In: At first European Conference on Holonic Manufacturing Systems. Hannover, Germany, pp. 1-20. URL: http://holobloc.com/papers/hannover.pdfCorcho, O., Fernández-López, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., 2003. Methodologies, tools and languages for building ontologies. 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Elsevier Inc., MA, USA, Ch. 7, pp. 121-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800341-1.00007-3Leitao, P., Restivo, F., 2006. ADACOR: a holonic architecture for agile and adaptive manufacturing control. Computers in industry 57 (2), 121-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2005.05.005Leitao, P., Restivo, F., 2008. Implementation of a holonic control system in a flexible manufacturing system. IEEE systems, man, and cybernetics society 38 (5), 699-709, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCC.2008.923881Lemaignan, S., Siadat, A., Dantan, J. Y., Semenenko, A., June 2006. MASON: A proposal for an ontology of manufacturing domain. In: At IEEEWorkshop on Distributed Intelligent Systems: Collective Intelligence and Its Applications. pp. 195-200, https://doi.org/10.1109/DIS.2006.48López-Ortega, O., Ramírez-Hernández, M., 2007. A formal framework to integrate express data models in an extended enterprise context. 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Fault diagnosis in industrial process by using LSTM and an elastic net

[EN] Fault diagnosis is important for industrial processes because it permits to determine the necessity of emergency stops in a process and/or to propose a maintenance plan. Two strategies for fault diagnosis are compared in this work. On the one hand, the data are preprocessed using the independent components analysis for dimension reduction, then the wavelet transform is used in order to highlight the faulty signals, with this information an artificial neural network was fed. On the other hand, the second strategy, the main contribution of this work, is the implementation of a long short term memory. This memory is fed with the most representative variables selected by an elastic net to use both, the L1 and L2 norms. These strategies are applied in the Tennessee Eastman process, a benchmark widely used for fault diagnosis. The fault isolation had better results than those reported in the literature.[ES] El diagnóstico de fallas es importante en los procesos industriales, ya que permite determinar si es necesario detener el proceso en operación y/o proponer un plan de mantenimiento. En el presente trabajo se comparan dos estrategias para diagnosticar fallas. La primera realiza un preprocesamiento de datos usando el análisis de componentes independientes para reducir la dimensión de los datos, posteriormente, se emplea la transformada wavelet para resaltar las señales de falla, con esta información se alimenta una red neuronal artificial. Por su parte, la segunda estrategia, principal contribución de este trabajo, usa una memoria de corto y largo plazo. Esta memoria es alimentada por las variables más significativas seleccionadas mediante una red elástica para usar tanto la norma $L_1$ como la $L_2$. Como ejemplo de aplicación se utilizó el proceso químico Tennessee Eastman, un proceso ampliamente usado en el diagnóstico de fallas. El aislamiento de fallas mostró mejores resultados con respecto a los reportados en la literatura.Márquez-Vera, MA.; López-Ortega, O.; Ramos-Velasco, LE.; Ortega-Mendoza, RM.; Fernández-Neri, BJ.; Zúñiga-Peña, NS. (2021). Diagnóstico de fallas mediante una LSTM y una red elástica. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 18(2):164-175. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2020.13611OJS164175182Adewole, A., Tzoneva, R., Behardien, S., 2016. Distribution network fault section identification and fault location using wavelet entropy and neural networks. Applied Soft Computing 46, 296-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2016.05.013Alkaya, A., Eker, I., 2011. Variance sensitive adaptive threshold-based PCA method for fault detection with experimental application. 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Early Pleistocene enamel proteome from Dmanisi resolves Stephanorhinus phylogeny

The sequencing of ancient DNA has enabled the reconstruction of speciation, migration and admixture events for extinct taxa. However, the irreversible post-mortem degradation2 of ancient DNA has so far limited its recovery—outside permafrost areas—to specimens that are not older than approximately 0.5 million years (Myr). By contrast, tandem mass spectrometry has enabled the sequencing of approximately 1.5-Myr-old collagen type I, and suggested the presence of protein residues in fossils of the Cretaceous period—although with limited phylogenetic use. In the absence of molecular evidence, the speciation of several extinct species of the Early and Middle Pleistocene epoch remains contentious. Here we address the phylogenetic relationships of the Eurasian Rhinocerotidae of the Pleistocene epoch, using the proteome of dental enamel from a Stephanorhinus tooth that is approximately 1.77-Myr old, recovered from the archaeological site of Dmanisi (South Caucasus, Georgia). Molecular phylogenetic analyses place this Stephanorhinus as a sister group to the clade formed by the woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) and Merck’s rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis). We show that Coelodonta evolved from an early Stephanorhinus lineage, and that this latter genus includes at least two distinct evolutionary lines. The genus Stephanorhinus is therefore currently paraphyletic, and its systematic revision is needed. We demonstrate that sequencing the proteome of Early Pleistocene dental enamel overcomes the limitations of phylogenetic inference based on ancient collagen or DNA. Our approach also provides additional information about the sex and taxonomic assignment of other specimens from Dmanisi. Our findings reveal that proteomic investigation of ancient dental enamel—which is the hardest tissue in vertebrates, and is highly abundant in the fossil record—can push the reconstruction of molecular evolution further back into the Early Pleistocene epoch, beyond the currently known limits of ancient DNA preservation

Discordant antibiotic therapy and length of stay in children hospitalized for urinary tract infection

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common reason for pediatric hospitalizations. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of discordant antibiotic therapy (in vitro nonsusceptibility of the uropathogen to initial antibiotic) on clinical outcomes for children hospitalized for UTI. DESIGN/SETTING: Multicenter retrospective cohort study in children aged 3 days to 18 years, hospitalized at 5 children's hospitals with a laboratory‐confirmed UTI. Data were obtained from medical records and the Pediatric Hospital Information System (PHIS) database. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with laboratory‐confirmed UTI. MAIN EXPOSURE: Discordant antibiotic therapy. MEASUREMENTS: Length of stay and fever duration. Covariates included age, sex, insurance, race, vesicoureteral reflux, antibiotic prophylaxis, genitourinary abnormality, and chronic care conditions. RESULTS: The median age of the 216 patients was 2.46 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.27, 8.89) and 25% were male. The most common causative organisms were E. coli and Klebsiella species. Discordant therapy occurred in 10% of cases and most commonly in cultures positive for Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, and mixed organisms. In adjusted analyses, discordant therapy was associated with a 1.8 day (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5, 2.1) longer length of stay [LOS], but not with fever duration. CONCLUSIONS: Discordant antibiotic therapy for UTI is common and associated with longer hospitalizations. Further research is needed to understand the clinical factors contributing to the increased LOS and to inform decisions for empiric antibiotic selection in children with UTIs. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012; © 2012 Society of Hospital MedicinePeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94298/1/1960_ftp.pd

Search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for the standard model Higgs boson in the H to ZZ to 2l 2nu decay channel, where l = e or mu, in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is presented. The data were collected at the LHC, with the CMS detector, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 inverse femtobarns. No significant excess is observed above the background expectation, and upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production cross section. The presence of the standard model Higgs boson with a mass in the 270-440 GeV range is excluded at 95% confidence level.Comment: Submitted to JHE

Search for New Physics with Jets and Missing Transverse Momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for new physics is presented based on an event signature of at least three jets accompanied by large missing transverse momentum, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns collected in proton--proton collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. No excess of events is observed above the expected standard model backgrounds, which are all estimated from the data. Exclusion limits are presented for the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Cross section limits are also presented using simplified models with new particles decaying to an undetected particle and one or two jets

Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation

Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Search for anomalous t t-bar production in the highly-boosted all-hadronic final state

A search is presented for a massive particle, generically referred to as a Z', decaying into a t t-bar pair. The search focuses on Z' resonances that are sufficiently massive to produce highly Lorentz-boosted top quarks, which yield collimated decay products that are partially or fully merged into single jets. The analysis uses new methods to analyze jet substructure, providing suppression of the non-top multijet backgrounds. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns. Upper limits in the range of 1 pb are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction for a topcolor Z' modeled for several widths, as well as for a Randall--Sundrum Kaluza--Klein gluon. In addition, the results constrain any enhancement in t t-bar production beyond expectations of the standard model for t t-bar invariant masses larger than 1 TeV.Comment: Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics; this version includes a minor typo correction that will be submitted as an erratu

Measurement of the t t-bar production cross section in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The t t-bar production cross section (sigma[t t-bar]) is measured in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV in data collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 inverse femtobarns. The measurement is performed in events with two leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state, at least two jets identified as jets originating from b quarks, and the presence of an imbalance in transverse momentum. The measured value of sigma[t t-bar] for a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV is 161.9 +/- 2.5 (stat.) +5.1/-5.0 (syst.) +/- 3.6(lumi.) pb, consistent with the prediction of the standard model.Comment: Replaced with published version. Included journal reference and DO